Tax Relief for Special Circumstances: What the New Bill Means for Gamblers, Families with Disabilities, Students, and Military Members

In this fourth installment of our breakdown of the new tax reform legislation, we’re spotlighting a set of provisions that may not grab headlines—but could make a significant difference for taxpayers in specific situations.

This section of the bill includes targeted tax updates for:

• Gamblers

• Families contributing to ABLE accounts

• Students with discharged loans

• Members of the military and intelligence community

Wagering Losses Will Be Limited

Under prior law, taxpayers could deduct gambling losses up to the amount of gambling winnings. That general rule remains—but now, only 90% of gambling losses will be deductible going forward.

What this means: If you report gambling winnings, you’ll still be able to deduct losses—but only up to 90%, not the full amount. This change applies starting in 2026.

ABLE Accounts Get Expanded Support

ABLE accounts are savings accounts for individuals with disabilities. Several enhancements are being made:

• Higher contribution limits (adjusted based on inflation, now indexed from 1996 instead of 1997)

• Permanent extension of the increased contribution limit beyond 2025

• Savers Credit eligibility: Contributions to ABLE accounts will continue to qualify for the Savers Credit, and the maximum credit increases from $2,000 to $2,100

What this means: ABLE accounts remain a powerful and now more accessible tool for families with disabilities. These updates encourage both saving and financial independence for eligible individuals.

529-to-ABLE Account Rollovers Made Permanent

Families will now be able to permanently roll over funds from 529 college savings plans into ABLE accounts, allowing for more flexible long-term planning if a beneficiary’s needs change.

What this means: If a child with a 529 plan later becomes eligible for an ABLE account, families won’t lose those savings—they can be repurposed tax-free.

Expanded Military Tax Relief for Hazardous Duty Areas

Tax benefits previously available to service members in the Sinai Peninsula are now:

• Made permanent, and

• Expanded to cover active-duty military personnel serving in Kenya, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Chad

What this means: More service members will benefit from exclusions for combat-zone pay and other tax advantages tied to dangerous overseas assignments.

Student Loans Discharged Due to Death or Disability Will Stay Tax-Free

Loan discharges for death or total and permanent disability will continue to be excluded from income, and this exclusion is extended permanently. This applies to both:

• Federal loans

• Private education loans

Note: A valid Social Security number must be reported on the tax return to claim the exclusion.

What this means: Families or individuals dealing with the aftermath of severe disability or loss will not face a surprise tax bill on forgiven student loans.

While these provisions may seem narrow, they offer meaningful financial relief to taxpayers in uniquely vulnerable or high-stress situations—gamblers who report income, families supporting a disabled loved one, students facing medical hardship, and military members serving in dangerous conditions.

Each of these changes begins in 2026, and several are made permanent. If any of these apply to you or your family, now is the time to revisit your financial and tax planning strategies.

Changes to Deductions and Employee Benefits

In the latest installment of our series on the new tax reform package, we’re breaking down several key updates that will affect employees, educators, and taxpayers who itemize deductions.

These provisions focus on miscellaneous deductions, fringe benefits, and moving expense rules — all of which are set to change starting in the 2026 tax year.

Most Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions Are Gone for Good — Except One

The temporary suspension of most miscellaneous itemized deductions (such as unreimbursed employee expenses and tax prep fees) will now be made permanent.

However, there's one important exception: educator expenses will now be fully deductible under a revised rule that expands eligibility.

What’s changing:

• Eligible expenses now include a broader range of instructional supplies and activities.

• Coaches and interscholastic sports administrators are now included.

• The previous dollar cap is removed when these expenses are claimed as miscellaneous deductions (though other rules still apply).

Why it matters: This is a welcome change for teachers and school staff who routinely spend personal funds on classroom needs. For other taxpayers, it confirms that most unreimbursed W-2 expenses remain non-deductible.

Itemized Deductions Will Be Capped for High-Income Taxpayers

A modified version of the “Pease limitation” is back. Under the new rule, itemized deductions will be reduced by 2/37 of the lesser of:

• Your total itemized deductions, or

• Your taxable income above the top 37% tax bracket threshold

This limitation applies after all other deduction limits and does not affect the Qualified Business Income (QBI) deduction.

Why it matters: High earners may no longer receive the full benefit of their charitable contributions, state and local tax (SALT) deductions, or mortgage interest. Tax planning at higher income levels will need to account for this haircut.

Qualified Transportation Fringe Benefits Updated

The bill eliminates certain lesser-used transportation benefits, including:

• Bicycle commuting reimbursements

• Some exclusions for parking and transit that had been restricted under prior law

However, commuter transit and parking benefits remain tax-free up to applicable limits (adjusted annually for inflation).

Why it matters: For employers offering transportation benefits, the rules are now streamlined. For employees, common pre-tax parking and transit benefits remain intact.

Moving Expense Deduction Narrowed — With a New Exception

The moving expense deduction and exclusion for employer-provided moving assistance, which had been suspended for most taxpayers since 2018, will remain suspended indefinitely.

However, a new exception is being added for:

• Civilian employees of the intelligence community, who will now be treated similarly to military members when relocating due to work assignments

Why it matters: For most employees, moving expenses remain nondeductible. But federal intelligence personnel gain a new tax benefit that aligns with military relocation treatment.

Key Takeaways

• Educators, including coaches and non-classroom staff, gain expanded access to deductions for out-of-pocket expenses.

• High-income earners may see reduced value from itemized deductions.

• Employers offering transportation benefits should review current plan designs for compliance.

• Moving expense deductions remain limited, but one new exception is added for intelligence community employees.

All of these changes take effect starting January 1, 2026, but early awareness helps with 2025 year-end planning and benefit design for employers.

If you’re unsure how these changes affect your deductions or benefit programs, our team is here to help. Stay tuned as we continue unpacking the rest of the tax bill in plain English.

Estate, AMT, and Mortgage Tax Rules Are Changing

As we continue our breakdown of the new tax legislation, several provisions in the next section of the “One Big Beautiful Bill” affect estate planning, mortgage deductions, disaster losses, and the alternative minimum tax. While some of these updates are technical, they carry significant implications for families, homeowners, and individuals with larger estates or business income.

Here’s a closer look at what’s changing starting in 2026.

Estate and Gift Tax Exemption Increased to $15 Million

The estate and gift tax exemption—previously scheduled to revert to approximately $6 million per individual in 2026—will now be permanently set at $15 million per person.

What this means: High-net-worth individuals and business owners now have a much larger window to transfer wealth tax-free. Estate planning strategies, especially those involving trusts, lifetime gifts, or business succession, should be revisited in light of this change.

Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) Relief for High Earners

The AMT exemption amounts and phaseout thresholds, which were temporarily increased in 2017, are being extended beyond 2025. Additionally, the bill:

• Adjusts the income levels at which AMT begins to phase out

• Increases the phaseout rate from 25% to 50%, which accelerates the reduction of the exemption as income increases

• Applies a new inflation indexing method for these thresholds

What this means: While fewer taxpayers will be subject to AMT thanks to the higher exemption levels, high-income individuals with significant deductions or incentive stock options should continue to review potential AMT exposure annually.

Mortgage Interest Deduction Extended (With a Twist)

The bill keeps the current cap on mortgage interest deduction (up to $750,000 of mortgage debt) beyond 2025. It also reinstates a provision allowing mortgage insurance premiums to be treated as deductible interest.

What this means: Homeowners—especially first-time buyers with smaller down payments—can once again deduct mortgage insurance premiums, which can provide meaningful tax savings.

Casualty Loss Deduction Expanded to State-Declared Disasters

Previously, personal casualty losses were only deductible if they occurred in federally declared disaster areas. The bill now expands this deduction to include State-declared disasters as well.

Covered events now include:

• Hurricanes, tornadoes, fires, floods, earthquakes, and more

• Disasters declared by a Governor or the D.C. Mayor, not just the President

What this means: Taxpayers affected by disasters that don’t meet federal criteria may now still be eligible to deduct their losses. This is especially helpful in states prone to wildfires, flooding, or severe storms.

Key Takeaways

• Estate planning needs to be re-evaluated. The higher exemption could change the urgency or structure of planned wealth transfers.

• AMT changes offer relief, but vigilance is still required. Business owners and high-income earners should continue to assess exposure annually.

• Homeowners gain back a useful deduction for mortgage insurance premiums.

• Disaster relief becomes more accessible, even for events not federally recognized.

These changes go into effect starting in 2026, but now is the time to plan. Whether you're managing generational wealth, navigating the housing market, or recovering from a disaster, these updates can affect your bottom line.

Our firm is here to help you understand how the evolving tax code applies to your specific situation. Stay tuned as we continue reviewing additional provisions.

Tax Relief is Getting Real: What Chapter 1 of the New Tax Bill Means for Families, Seniors, and Small Businesses

Congress has introduced a sweeping tax reform package—unofficially dubbed the “One Big Beautiful Bill”—and the first chapter delivers major updates that could significantly impact many of our clients, particularly middle-income households and small business owners.

Here’s a breakdown of the key provisions in Chapter 1 and what they mean in practice:

Extension of Lower Individual Tax Rates

The tax brackets introduced in the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act were set to expire after 2025. This bill makes those reduced rates permanent. In addition, the inflation adjustments to bracket thresholds have been clarified to ensure gradual changes over time without pushing taxpayers into higher brackets too quickly.

What this means: You’ll continue to benefit from today’s lower tax rates beyond 2025—no sudden rate jumps are expected.

Increase in the Standard Deduction

Beginning in tax year 2025, the standard deduction will increase as follows:

• Single filers: from $12,000 to $15,750

• Married filing jointly: from $18,000 to $23,625

What this means: More of your income will be shielded from tax, reducing your overall tax liability—even if you don’t itemize deductions.

New Senior Deduction

The bill introduces a temporary additional deduction of $6,000 for taxpayers age 65 and older (up to $12,000 for couples filing jointly, if both are over 65). This provision is currently scheduled to expire after 2028.

However, this deduction phases out for individuals with adjusted gross income above $75,000 ($150,000 for joint filers) and requires valid Social Security numbers to claim.

What this means: Retirees with moderate incomes may see meaningful tax savings over the next few years.

Expansion of the Child Tax Credit

Starting in 2025, the Child Tax Credit will increase from $2,000 to $2,200 per qualifying child. The refundable portion of the credit (currently capped at $1,400) will be adjusted annually for inflation.

As before, taxpayers must include valid Social Security numbers for both the parent and the child to qualify.

What this means: Families with children will see modest but meaningful increases in tax credits—especially important given inflation pressures.

Enhancements to the Qualified Business Income (QBI) Deduction

Two key improvements have been made to the QBI deduction under Section 199A:

• The phase-in thresholds for income limitations will increase from $100,000 to $150,000 for joint filers (and from $50,000 to $75,000 for others).

• A new minimum deduction of $400 is introduced for active business owners with at least $1,000 in qualified business income, even if they wouldn’t otherwise qualify under the regular formula.

What this means: This is a win for small business owners, freelancers, and self-employed taxpayers. Even modest business income may now qualify for some level of deduction.

Final Thoughts

These changes reflect a continued focus on middle-income taxpayers, families with children, seniors, and small business owners. Many provisions previously scheduled to sunset are now being extended or expanded—and several take effect as early as the 2025 tax year.

If you’re wondering how these provisions might affect your individual or business tax situation, now is the time to start planning.

Net Investment Income Tax for Special Situations

Navigating the overarching landscape of tax rules can often feel like wandering through a labyrinth, especially when dealing with the specific intricacies of the Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT). Today, we're going to simplify Section 1411 of the IRS Code that discusses the computation of net investment income in special scenarios. Whether you’re an individual or a business owner trying to make sense of these regulations, this guide is tailored to help you understand without needing a tax dictionary by your side.

The Backbone of Net Investment Income

Before diving into the heart of the matter, let's clarify what net investment income generally encompasses. It includes income streams such as interest, dividends, capital gains, rental and royalty income, annuities, and more. However, special rules apply that may exempt certain types of income from being counted as net investment income, particularly when connected to non-passive activities.

Non-Passive Activities: The Exceptions to the Rule

The IRS makes a notable distinction between passive and non-passive activities. Broadly speaking, non-passive activities are those in which the taxpayer materially participates. To offer relief in certain contexts, Section 1411(c)(1)(A) delineates that some income derived from non-passive activities might not be considered when calculating your NIIT. Here’s a brief overview:

Interest, Dividends, Annuities, Royalties, and Rent: If these are earned through the ordinary course of a trade or business not classified as passive, they're excluded from NIIT.

Disposition of Property: Profits or losses from selling property used in a non-passive trade or business also get a pass.

These rules aim at distinguishing between investment income and the earnings that stem directly from one's business engagements where they actively participate.

Special Situations and Exclusions

Self-Charged Interest: In situations where interest income is received from a loan to an entity in which the taxpayer materially participates, a particular portion may be excluded from NIIT, mirroring the taxpayer’s share of the applicable non-passive activity.

Nonpassive Rental Activities: The IRS doesn't blanketly consider all rental income non-passive. Instead, it depends on the context, such as when rental activities are grouped with a qualifying trade or business activity. For individuals in real estate, the line can be even finer, as not all real estate professionals’ rental activities might automatically count as non-passive.

Real Estate Professionals: Despite the general belief, not all rental incomes earned by real estate professionals are exempt from NIIT. The nature of their involvement in rental activities and the broader scope of their business endeavors can influence this classification.

The Takeaway

The determination of what constitutes net investment income is nuanced, particularly regarding activities that can straddle the line between passive and non-passive. For taxpayers navigating these waters, understanding the core principles behind these regulations is crucial. However, every situation is unique, and while this guide aims to illuminate the path, consulting with a tax professional for personalized advice is always recommended.

In essence, the realm of NIIT is fraught with complexities, but with the right knowledge and guidance, taxpayers can effectively navigate through it, ensuring compliance and optimizing their tax obligations.

Understanding California's New Fast Food Minimum Wage Law

In recent months, a buzz has been growing around a significant change in the landscape of employment law in California, specifically targeting the fast food industry. With the introduction of AB 1228, the Golden State has set a new precedent in the fight for fair wages, especially for those working behind the counters and in the kitchens of your favorite quick-service eateries. Let's dive into the nitty-gritty of what this means for employees, employers, and the wider fast food community.

Welcome, AB 1228 - A New Era for Fast Food Workers

AB 1228 is more than just a bill; it's a beacon of change for many Californians employed in the fast food sector. Enacting a significant rise in the minimum wage for "fast food restaurant employees," this law, adding sections 1474, 1475, and 1476 to the Labor Code, concurrently establishes a Fast Food Council. This new body holds the keys to future wage increases and the setting of employment standards in fast food establishments.

The Numbers Game: A Look at the Wage Increase

Mark your calendars for April 1, 2024 - a day when the minimum wage for covered fast food employees will leap to $20.00 per hour. This doesn't only signal a win for the employees but also mandates a responsibility on the employer's part to display a new minimum wage order supplement in a noticeable area within the workplace.

Who Does This Affect?

Specifically, AB 1228 targets employees of "fast food restaurants," defined as limited-service eateries, part of a chain with 60 or more locations nationwide, and primarily in the business of offering food and beverages for immediate consumption. It's worth noting, however, that franchise or brand ownership doesn't exempt an employer from complying.

Exceptions to the Rule

Not all fast food places will feel the impact of AB 1228. For instance, those selling bread as a standalone item weighing at least ½ pound, or establishments nestled within grocery stores larger than 15,000 square feet and primarily selling food for offsite consumption, are off the hook.

Beyond the Basics: Other Critical FAQs

• Employers who provide meal or lodging credits can only credit amounts allowed by the statewide minimum wage, with no leeway for additional credits under AB 1228.

• Local governments can hike the general minimum wage but cannot specifically target fast food employees for a higher wage under this law.

• For salary-based fast food managers not receiving overtime, the law affects their status as an exempt employee if their salary falls below $83,200 from April 1, 2024.

• Employers cannot count tips towards meeting their minimum wage obligation.

The Fast Food Council: Guardians of the Future

AB 1228 births the Fast Food Council, a collective voice for the industry, franchisees, employees, and advocates. Tasked with nurturing the working conditions and fair wage standards, this council will convene regularly to contour the path for future wage increments and employment terms specifically for the fast food world. Notably, from January 1, 2025, any wage increase will either match the rise in consumer price index or be capped at 3.5%, whichever is lesser.

Empowerment Through Knowledge

For those feeling the direct impact of this law or curious onlookers, the essence of AB 1228 champions the right to fair pay and the establishment of a governance body ensuring the welfare of fast food industry workers. Whether it's through a leap in minimum wage or setting a precedent for employment standards, California's new law mirrors a bold step towards improving the lives of countless workers in the fast-food sector. As April 1, 2024, approaches, both employers and employees must stay informed and prepared for this transformative change, heralding a new chapter in the state's labor laws.

Major Changes to Pension Tax Rules in Missouri for the 2024 Tax Year

Attention Missouri residents! The upcoming tax year 2024 brings significant changes to how your public pensions and social security benefits are taxed. This easy-to-understand guide will walk you through these adjustments, whether you're already enjoying your retirement benefits or planning for the future.

Say Goodbye to Income Limits for Public Pensions and Social Security Deductions

Starting January 1, 2024, Missouri is removing the adjusted gross income limitation for those calculating public pension or social security/social security disability deductions (as seen in Sections 143.124 and 143.125 RSMo). This means many will see a beneficial adjustment in how their public pension benefits are taxed.

What This Means for Your Public Pension Exemption

Eligible taxpayers can subtract their public retirement benefits up to the maximum social security benefit amount, provided it was included in their federal adjusted gross income. However, remember, this does not make all public pension benefits tax-exempt. If you're taking both the public pension exemption and the social security/social security disability deduction, your pension exemption will be reduced by the amount of your social security deductions.

Enhanced Social Security and Social Security Disability Deductions

For those 62 years or older receiving social security benefits—or any age if receiving social security disability benefits—Missouri's new rule change means 100% of these benefits will be exempt from state taxes, as long as they are included in federal adjusted gross income under Internal Revenue Code § 86.

Effective Date and Who's Affected

These changes come into play for all tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2024. If you're receiving social security benefits (and are 62 years or older) or social security disability benefits at any age, or if you're benefiting from public retirement pensions, this change affects you.

Public vs. Private Pension Benefits

It's crucial to note that the upcoming changes strictly affect public pension benefits and do not apply to private pension calculations. The adjustments are aimed at Missouri adjusted gross income limits for public pension exemptions and social security/social security disability deductions only.

Clarification on the 100% Subtraction of Public Pension Benefits

Will you be able to subtract 100% of your public pension benefits under the new rules? Not exactly. You're allowed a subtraction up to the maximum social security benefit amount for the tax year in question, but this exemption will diminish if you're also taking the social security/social security disability deduction.

Maximum Social Security Benefits by Year

To give you an idea of the exemption caps, here's a glimpse at the maximum social security benefit amounts over recent years, leading up to 2024:

• 2019: $38,437

• 2020: $39,014

• 2021: $39,365

• 2022: $41,373

• 2023: $44,683

• 2024: $46,381

Conclusion

The 2024 tax year marks a significant shift for Missouri residents with public pensions and social security benefits. These changes aim to reduce the tax burden for many, making retirement planning a bit more breathable. To ensure you're fully benefitting from these adjustments, be sure to understand how these exemptions and deductions apply to your specific situation.

Remember, this post aims to simplify these tax changes for easy understanding. For personalized advice, consider consulting with us. Happy planning!

Understanding Delaware's Corporate Annual Report

Navigating the corporate responsibilities in Delaware can seem like a daunting task, especially when it comes to filing your Annual Report and understanding the intricacies of Franchise Tax. But don't worry; here's a straightforward breakdown to help you grasp the essentials without getting lost in legal jargon.

It's That Time of the Year Again: Filing Your Corporate Annual Report

If you run an active domestic corporation in Delaware, remember to mark March 1st on your calendar. This date is your annual deadline for filing your Corporate Annual Report and paying your Franchise Taxes for the previous year. Thanks to the magic of the internet, these filings must be done online. Miss this deadline, and you're looking at a $200 penalty, plus an interest of 1.5% per month on your tax and penalty. No one likes extra fees, so it's best to stay ahead of the game.

What Will Filing Set You Back?

As of September 1, 2019, Delaware has set the following fees:

• Exempt Domestic Corporations: $25

• Non-Exempt Domestic Corporations: $50 Think of the fee as the cost of keeping your business compliant and in good standing.

Let’s Talk Franchise Tax

Franchise Tax might sound like something a fast-food chain pays, but it's actually a fee levied on corporations for the privilege of being incorporated in Delaware. It's assessed from January 1st to December 31st of the current tax year. The minimum tax you're looking at is $175 if you're using the Authorized Shares Method, and $400 for the Assumed Par Value Capital Method. However, big players, known as Large Corporate Filers, have their tax capped at $250,000.

Calculating Your Franchise Tax Dues: More Than One Way to Skin a Cat

• Tier 2 Delisting: Got delisted from the stock market? Make sure you update your Franchise Tax status with the SEC's delisting form.

• Domestic Non-Stock for Profit: If you're a non-stock entity not qualifying as exempt, your franchise tax will be $175.

• Foreign Corporations: Not based in Delaware but operate there? Your filing is due by June 30 every year, with a fee of $125. Miss the deadline, and that’s another $125 on your bill.

Method Madness: Choose Wisely to Save Money

• Authorized Shares Method: Got no par value stock? This method likely results in lower taxes, starting at $175 for 5,000 shares or less.

• Assumed Par Value Capital Method: This takes into account your total gross assets and issued shares. Starting tax is $400 per million or a portion thereof of your assumed par value capital.

Real-Life Example: Let's Crunch Some Numbers

Imagine your corporation has 1,000,000 shares at $1 par value and 250,000 at $5, sitting on $1,000,000 in assets, with 485,000 issued shares. Doing some quick math:

1. Divide total assets by issued shares = $2.061856 (assumed par).

2. Multiply assumed par by number of shares at less than assumed par = $2,061,856.

3. Your total assumed par value capital is $3,311,856.

4. The tax for this scenario? $1,600.

Bottom line: The minimum tax using the Assumed Par Value Capital Method is $400.

Key Takeaways:

• Never miss the March 1st deadline.

• Choose the calculation method that minimizes your tax.

• Keep an eye on your email for filing reminders to avoid those penalties.

With these insights, you're better equipped to navigate the Delaware Annual Report and Franchise Tax filing process. Remember, staying informed and proactive about your corporate responsibilities is key to maintaining good standing and ensuring your business thrives in The First State.

Leaving California: What It Means for Your Tax Residency

Leaving California doesn't automatically alter your tax residency. If you're absent for a temporary or transitory purpose, for instance, for a short-term job assignment, you're still a California resident with obligations to report worldwide income. However, extended absences under employment-related contracts, specifically for at least 546 consecutive days, can shift your residency status, assuming you meet the safe harbor criteria outlined previously.

Real-Life Examples:

1. Leaving for Nevada but keeping ties in California: Declaring yourself a Nevada resident while maintaining significant connections (home, social, and business) to California likely means you're still a California resident for tax purposes. Your declaration alone doesn't dictate residency; your closest connections do.

2. Working temporarily in South America: Staying abroad for work while your family remains in California and intending to return keeps your residency status intact. Your worldwide income, including earnings from abroad, remains taxable by California.

3. Permanent move to Spain: Selling your home in California and severing ties indicates a clear change of residency. You become a nonresident from the day you move, shifting your tax obligations only to income sourced from California.

4. Temporary assignment in Saudi Arabia: Keeping your home, bank accounts, and political ties in California during your period and returning post-assignment maintains your California residency status.

5. Three-year job in Japan with continuous ties to California: Meeting the safe harbor criteria (absence for employment, no significant income source from California, and short visits back home) changes your status to a nonresident during the absence.

Income Taxable by California

Understanding how different types of income are taxed based on your residency is crucial:

• Residents: Taxed on all income, irrespective of the source.

• Nonresidents: Taxed only on income from California sources.

• Part-year Residents: Taxed on all income while a resident and only on California-sourced income as a nonresident.

Key Income Categories:

• Wages and Salaries: Taxed based on where the work is performed.

• Interest and Dividends: Typically taxed based on residency but see exceptions for accounts used in a business in California.

• Business Income: Nonresidents pay taxes on trade or business conducted in California. Apportionment rules apply for businesses operating in multiple states.

• Pensions and Annuities: Distributions received post-1995 by nonresidents from employer-sponsored plans aren't taxed by California.

Example: A former California resident receiving a pension after moving permanently to New Mexico isn't taxed on those distributions by California.

• Sale of Real Estate: Taxed based on the location of the property. A nonresident selling California real estate must pay California tax on the gain.

Special Consideration for Changing Residency

Residency changes during the taxable year necessitate split-year treatment. Income and deductions are allocated based on your residency status at the time of earning or incurring those amounts.

Wrapping Up: Your Residency Determines Your Tax Obligation

Whether you're planning to leave California or already have, it's essential to understand how your residency status impacts your tax obligations. Continuing ties with California can maintain your residency status, affecting your tax liabilities. Each type of income—whether salaries, business revenues, or capital gains—has specific rules based on your residency status at the time of receipt.

Moving Forward:

• Plan carefully if contemplating a move out of state, considering the potential tax implications.

• Keep detailed records of your move, establishment of new residency, and severance of ties with California.

• Consult with a tax professional for personalized advice, especially for complex scenarios or significant financial decisions.

By understanding the nuances of California's tax residency rules and planning accordingly, you can ensure compliance and potentially optimize your tax situation in the face of a move.

This extended guide aims to provide a comprehensive overview of tax residency implications when leaving California, tailored to enhance your understanding and help in planning your next steps. For specific advice or scenarios not covered here, seeking our professional consultation is always recommended.

Good News for Educators: Boost Your Tax Savings This School Year!

As we usher in a fresh school year, there's exciting news from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for our dedicated teachers and educators. It's time to save more on your taxes thanks to a valuable deduction designed just for you.

Up Your Savings!

For the year 2023, eligible educators can enjoy a deduction of up to $300 for out-of-pocket classroom expenses. This perk isn't entirely new – in 2022, educators were introduced to this enhanced limit, an increase from the previous $250 mark, thanks to an inflation adjustment. And the good news doesn't stop there! Expect these savings to potentially grow, with future adjustments planned in $50 increments to keep pace with inflation.

But what if you're doubling down on this dedication to education with a spouse who's also in the field? If you're filing a joint tax return and both of you meet the criteria, you're looking at a combined limit of up to $600. Remember, each educator's claim is capped at $300.

Are You Eligible?

Here's the deal – this deduction is up for grabs even if you're taking the standard deduction route. You're in the eligible educator club if you've served as a teacher, instructor, counselor, principal, or aide for kindergarten through grade 12, clocking in at least 900 hours during the school year. This applies to both public and private education mavens.

What Counts as a Deductible Expense?

Dive into your classroom creativity without fretting over the costs. You can claim unreimbursed expenses for:

• Classroom books, supplies, and materials

• Essential equipment, including tech tools like computers, software, and internet services

• COVID-19 protective gear to keep your classroom safe, including masks, disinfectants, hand sanitizer, and even materials to aid social distancing

• Professional development courses that sharpen your skills and knowledge for the curriculum and students you dedicate your efforts to

However, it's worth a gentle reminder that personal expenses for home schooling, or non-athletic supplies for health or physical education, aren't covered under this scheme.

Pro Tips for Claiming Your Deduction

To make the most of this tax deduction, the IRS emphasizes the importance of keeping meticulous records. Save those receipts, hang onto canceled checks, and maintain thorough documentation of your classroom expenses.

Choose Wisely: Lifetime Learning Credit & More

Before you jot down your qualifying expenses, consider this: sometimes another educational tax benefit, like the Lifetime Learning Credit, might offer you more bang for your buck, especially for those professional development courses. For a deep dive into maximizing your educational tax benefits, check out Chapter 3 of Publication 970, Tax Benefits for Education.

A Final Note

This tax benefit is more than just a deduction; it's a small token of gratitude for the big roles educators play. So as you set up your classrooms and plan your lessons, remember that the IRS has got your back with a little extra support for the incredible work you do.

Navigating Sales Tax Relief During California Winter Storms

In the face of disasters, be it due to storms, fires, or other calamities, navigating the aftermath can be overwhelming for both individuals and businesses. Recognizing this, the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration (CDTFA) steps in with a crucial support mechanism: Emergency Tax Relief. This initiative is designed to offer a semblance of financial breathing space for those hit hardest. Here’s a straightforward breakdown of what this entails and how to avail yourself of this relief.

Understanding Emergency Tax Relief

When disaster strikes, the aftermath is not just physical but can have significant financial implications. This is where the CDTFA comes into play, providing targeted relief for taxpayers affected by disasters declared as state emergencies. These reliefs can take several forms, including the extension of tax return due dates, waivers of penalties and interest, and even assistance in replacing lost tax records.

Available Assistance

1. Extended Filing Deadlines: Taxpayers directly impacted by state-declared emergencies can breathe easier with extensions of up to three months to file and pay their taxes or fees on various CDTFA administered programs.

2. Relief from Penalties and Interests: In times of disaster, meeting filing deadlines can become a Herculean task. Recognizing this, the CDTFA offers relief from penalties and interest for those unable to submit their tax returns and payments promptly.

How to Get Started

Step 1: Log in to your account using your username and password. If you’re new, worry not, creating an account is a swift process via the CDTFA’s online services page.

Step 2: Once logged in, navigate to submit a 'Relief Request.' This simple process ensures you’re in line to receive the necessary relief, with a confirmation number for your records.

Step 3: For those who prefer the traditional route, the CDTFA-735, a paper form, is your go-to for applying for penalty, fees, and interest relief.

Additional Support:

• Tax Records Replacement: Disaster shouldn’t mean the loss of crucial tax records. As part of the relief efforts, obtaining free replacements for such documents is as easy as making a toll-free call.

• Account Updates: The CDTFA’s online platform serves as a one-stop solution for any account modifications needed in the wake of a disaster.

Recalling Recent Emergencies

Reflecting on the past three years, Californians have faced their fair share of adversities, from the ravaging winter storms across numerous counties in early 2024 to similar events the year before. These occurrences underscore the importance of such relief efforts and the state’s commitment to its residents' recovery.

Final Thoughts

Emergencies are, by their nature, unpredictable and unsettling. Yet, within the chaos, the CDTFA's Emergency Tax Relief serves as a beacon of support, easing the financial burdens of those affected. It’s more than just policy; it’s a testament to California's resilience and the collective spirit of its communities.

Whether you're an individual reeling from the aftermath of a storm or a business striving to get back on its feet, remember, help is just an application away.

Demystifying What "Doing Business" Means in California

Are you wondering if your company 'does business' in the Golden State? California's sunny shores aren't just about beaches and Hollywood; they also have some rigorous tax laws. Understanding these laws is crucial for any business that deals with the state in any capacity. Let's break down what doing business in California means, so you're well-prepared to stay compliant.

1. Financial Transactions Within the State

First off, if your business engages in any activity intended to generate profit within California's borders, the state considers that 'doing business.' This means if you're making deals, selling products, or providing services in California aiming to make money, you fall under this category.

2. Organizational and Commercial Presence

Now, if your company is organized in California or is commercially domiciled here (basically, the nerve center of your business operations is in California), you're doing business as per state law.

3. Thresholds That Can't Be Ignored

California is quite precise here. They have yearly updated thresholds for sales, property, and payroll that, if exceeded, place your business squarely in the 'doing business' category. In 2023, these thresholds are:

Sales: $711,538 or if your California sales are more than 25% of your total sales.

Property: $71,154 or if your California property exceeds 25% of your total property.

Payroll: $71,154 or more than 25% of your total payroll.

4. Partners? Here's What You Need to Know

For those of you in partnerships, S corporations, or LLCs treated as partnerships, make sure to count your distributive share when considering the above thresholds.

5. Special Mention: Public Law 86-272

This one is for businesses outside California—it gives protection from state taxes based on net income if you're only soliciting sales of tangible personal property in California. However, you could still be seen as doing business in the state for other purposes.

6. Income Spreading Across Borders

Businesses with a foot in California and other places might be subject to apportionment and allocation rules. That's where the state determines what portion of your overall income should be taxed in California.

In a Nutshell: You are 'doing business' in California if you are:

• Making transactions for profit within the state.

• Organized or calling California your business HQ.

• Exceeding certain sales, property, or payroll amounts (25% or threshold).

• Possibly affected by allocation and apportionment rules.

Whether your company is waving at the Pacific or just dipping its toes into California waters, respecting these tax guidelines is crucial. When in doubt, or for more detailed advice, downloading the FTB 1050 form for an in-depth look at Public Law 86-272 or visiting the California Tax Service Center website is a smart move. Better safe than sorry when it comes to state taxes!

Remember, staying on the sunny side of tax law means keeping your business accountable and aware of where it stands. If you're not sure, consulting with us is always a step in the right direction!

The Basics of Involuntary Conversions

Unexpected situations like your property being condemned for a new highway, or taken by eminent domain for a public project can lead to what's called an involuntary conversion. Let's talk about what this means for you and your taxes.

Understanding Involuntary Conversions

Imagine you own a plot of land. One day, the government decides it's the perfect spot for a new park. They take legal action, your property is "condemned," and in return, you're handed a check or some other property. This series of events is an involuntary conversion, a swap that wasn't exactly your choice.

The Tax Impact

Typically, when you lose a property in this way, you have to report a gain or loss in the year it happened. For personal property, losses are only considered when it's a result of a casualty or theft. But here's some good news: sometimes, you don't have to report a gain. For example, if the property the government gives you in exchange is similar to the one taken—or if you use the money to buy a similar property within a certain time—you might not have to pay taxes on that gain just yet. This postpones the tax hit until you sell the replacement property.

Special Rules for Different Situations

• Patent property: If you lose patent property through condemnation, it's like you owned it longer than a year for tax purposes.

• Inherited property: The same goes for property you inherit and then lose through condemnation.

• Installment sales: If you sold the property in installments and later one payment was due to condemnation, the tax treatment for the gain retains its original character—either short-term or long-term.

• Getting a replacement: If you get new property or money and buy something comparable in service or use within a certain period, you can choose to delay reporting the gain on what was taken.

How Condemnations and Threats Work

A condemnation is when your property is legally required to be given up for public use—it's a forced sale. But what if you're just under threat of such an action? This happens if you believe your property's on the chopping block, and you sell it, likely at a lower price than you could've gotten voluntarily. This pressured sale can be treated like a condemnation for tax purposes, especially if the next owner turns around and sells it to the government.

Calculating Gains and Losses

Look at the difference between what the property was worth to you (its adjusted basis) and what you get from the government (the condemnation award). If you get more money than your property's basis, that's a gain. If it's less, that's a loss. When only part of your property is taken, the cost of fixing up what's left can count as the cost of the new property for tax purposes.

Here’s a simple formula:

Adjusted Basis of Property – Net Condemnation Award = Gain or Loss

Remember, gains can sometimes be postponed, losses from personal property aren’t usually deductible, but if they result from something sudden and unexpected like a disaster, you might be able to deduct them.

What about your Main Home?

If the home you live in is condemned and you profit from it, you might be able to exclude that gain, just like if you sold your home. If the gain is more than you can keep tax-free, but you buy another home with it, you can probably delay telling the IRS about that extra cash.

Wrap-Up

It's certainly an upheaval when the government taps your property for public use, but understanding the tax implications helps you navigate the situation with confidence. Remember, involuntary conversions aren't always straightforward, so it's wise to consult us if you find yourself in this circumstance.

And that's involuntary conversions in a nutshell. Hopefully, you now have a clearer picture of what happens tax-wise when the government decides it needs your property more than you do.

Understanding Capital Gains: How Your Holding Period Impacts Your Taxes

Navigating the world of taxes can be daunting, especially when it comes to investments and capital gains. But don't worry – we're here to break it down for you. When you sell an asset, such as stocks or property, you might make a profit, known as a capital gain, or take a loss, which is called a capital loss. The tax implications of these gains or losses depend on how long you held the asset before selling it, also known as the holding period.

Short-Term vs. Long-Term Holding Periods

The magic number to remember is one year. If you sell an asset, such as stocks or real estate, within one year of purchasing it, any gain or loss is considered short-term. Conversely, if you sell the asset after holding it for more than a year, any gain or loss becomes long-term.

Why Does This Matter?

The holding period determines where you report the gain or loss on your tax return. Short-term gains or losses are reported on Part I of IRS Form 8949 and/or Schedule D, while long-term gains or losses go on Part II of the same forms.

It's important to know that the tax rates for long-term gains are typically lower compared to short-term gains, which are taxed at your ordinary income tax rates. Essentially, the IRS wants to incentivize longer-term investments by offering more favorable tax treatment.

Here's a quick reference to help you out:

• Held for 1 year or less: Short-term capital gain or loss

• Held for more than 1 year: Long-term capital gain or loss

Calculating the Holding Period

Figuring your holding period is straightforward. Start counting the day after you acquire the asset and include the day you sell it. For example, if you buy a stock on January 1st, 2023, your counting starts on January 2nd. Sell it on January 1st, 2024, and you have a holding period of exactly one year, representing a short-term gain or loss. Sell it on January 2nd, 2024, it's considered long-term.

Exceptions and Special Cases

There are a few exceptions to these rules:

• Inherited property: Always treated as a long-term holding, regardless of the actual duration you held it.

• Gifts: If you receive a gift and your basis is determined by the donor's cost, the holding period includes their period of ownership too.

• Installment sales: The term applies to the sale of an asset over time. Gains from these sales retain their original character (short-term or long-term) in subsequent years.

• Corporate liquidation and profit-sharing plans: There are specific rules about starting the holding period for these cases.

Netting Capital Gains and Losses

At the end of the year, you'll need to net your short-term gains against short-term losses and your long-term gains against long-term losses. If losses exceed gains, up to $3,000 can be deducted against other income annually ($1,500 if you're married filing separately). Losses beyond that can be carried forward to subsequent years.

Capital Gains Tax Rates

The tax rates for net capital gains are generally lower than those for ordinary income. Depending on your income level, you could be paying 0%, 15%, or 20% federal tax on long-term capital gains. There are special cases, such as certain property sales, where the rate might be 25% or 28%.

Remember, short-term gains are subject to your usual income tax rate. So, if you're in the 24% income tax bracket, that's the rate your short-term gains will be taxed at as well.

Wrapping It Up

By understanding the concept of holding periods and how they influence your capital gains or losses, you can better plan your investment strategy and potentially lower your tax bill. It's always wise to consult with us for guidance tailored to your unique financial situation.

And there you have it — a user-friendly guide to short-term and long-term capital gains. Remember, informed decision-making is key when it comes to investing and managing your taxes. Happy investing!

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A Simple Guide to Depreciating Your Rental Property

Welcome to the world of property rentals and tax deductions! If you're new to being a landlord, you might not know that you can depreciate the value of your rental property. This might sound negative, but it's actually a positive thing for your tax returns. Let's break it down:

Can You Depreciate Your Rental Property?

Yes, you can, if:

1. You're the owner: You must own the property, but it can still have a mortgage.

2. It's income-producing: You use it as a rental property.

3. It has a determinable useful life: It’s something that wears out over time.

4. It'll last more than a year: Basically, it's not a temporary structure.

However, you can't depreciate:

• Land: It doesn’t wear out like a building does.

• Property for personal use: If you’re not renting it out, no tax benefits here.

When Can You Start Depreciating?

Depreciation begins when the property is ready and available for rent, not necessarily when it's first rented out. So, if you buy a rental home and spend a couple of months getting it ready for tenants, the depreciation clock starts ticking when the property is ready for tenants, not when the first tenants move in.

How Long Can You Keep Depreciating?

You depreciate until either:

• You’ve recovered the property's cost: Through your annual depreciation, you've accounted for the property's original value.

• You retire the property from service: You sell it, convert it to personal use, abandon it, or it’s destroyed.

Cost Basis: What's That?

This is the property's original value plus other costs like sales taxes, legal fees, and installation charges that you spent to get the property ready for rent.

Don't forget! If you've made the property nicer (like adding in a permanent new fixture or an extension), add those costs to your cost basis, because that ups the value.

Adjusted Basis: A Touch More Complicated

Over time, the property's 'basis' may go up or down based on certain expenses or incomes related to the property. Like if you claim a casualty loss on a property because of a natural disaster, that decreases the basis.

Improvements vs. Repairs

You need to treat property improvements and property repairs differently for tax purposes.

• Improvements: Extend the life or value of the property and must be capitalized. That means you add the cost to your property’s basis and depreciate it.

• Repairs: Keep the property in working order and can be deducted in the year they are made.

Depreciation Methods: Keeping It Straight

For most property placed in service after 1986, you’re going to use what's called the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS). Here's what you need to dig into to use MACRS correctly:

• Recovery Class: This categorizes property based on its nature and usefulness.

• Recovery Period: How long the IRS says you can depreciate the property.

• Convention: Determines how much depreciation you can take the first and last year.

• Placed in Service Date: When the property was ready for rent.

• Basis for Depreciation: Starts with your cost basis and adjusts as needed.

• Depreciation Method: Usually, the MACRS system offers two—General Depreciation System (GDS) and Alternative Depreciation System (ADS).

Special Depreciation Allowance

Certain rental property improvements might qualify for a special depreciation allowance, which adds a bonus rate in the first year.

Wrapping It Up

Depreciation is like a slow-motion tax deduction spread over the useful life of your property. It's a helpful way to recoup some of what you've invested in maintaining your rental.

Remember, tax laws can be complex, and while this guide is a great starting point, it's always a good idea to consult us to make sure you're making the most of your deductions. Now, go enjoy being the savvy landlord you are! Also try Hedgi AI!

Understanding Rental Income and Expenses

Are you a property owner who rents out to tenants? Navigating the world of taxes for rental income and expenses can seem daunting, but we're here to break it down and make it as simple as possible. Here's your go-to guide.

First Things First: When to Use Schedule E

When you rent out a property and provide just the basic services (like utilities and waste management), your go-to tax form is Schedule E, which is part of your Form 1040. For most residential rental activities, that’s the form you'll use.

What to List on Schedule E:

• Your total rental income

• Your expenses

• Depreciation (loss in value) for each rental property

If you happen to own more than three rental properties, you’ll need to fill out additional Schedules E.

Special Situations: When Schedule E Doesn't Apply

Not all rental activity belongs on Schedule E. For example, if your rental activity isn’t intended to turn a profit or you provide a lot of services to tenants (like regular cleaning or maid services), you'll need to report this using Schedule C instead.

Dealing with Losses

Suppose your rental activity runs at a loss. There are restrictions on how much of this loss you can deduct, based on your investment risk and whether your property activities are considered passive. These rules can get complicated, so we'll keep it simple: losses might be limited, especially if you don’t actively participate in the property management.

About Those Depreciation Deductions...

If you’re claiming depreciation on your property (because all properties lose value over time), that’s usually reported on Schedule E too. If your depreciation is special or complex, like for a car you use to maintain the property, you might need to fill out Form 4562.

What if You Provide Lots of Services?

If you’re more hands-on and offer numerous services to your tenants, such as weekly cleanings or concierge services, the IRS sees this differently. You'll be working with Schedule C because you're running this rental like a daily business.

Real Estate Professional? Here's Looking at You!

If you're a full-time real estate professional, there's a good chance your rental losses aren't limited in the same way. The IRS has criteria to determine whether you qualify, like spending more than half your working hours in real property businesses where you're actively participating.

Limits on Rental Losses: Yes, There's a Cap

For non-professionals, rental losses can only be deducted up to $25,000 under most circumstances. This is only if you actively participate in property management. The limit decreases with a higher income and disappears completely if your income crosses certain thresholds.

Joint Ventures and Rental Property

Are you and your spouse managing a rental property together? If you both actively participate and file a joint tax return, you might qualify to report your income as a "qualified joint venture," which simplifies things greatly.

Remember These Golden Rules:

1. Schedule E for basic rental income and expenses.

2. Schedule C if you provide lots of services (think hotels, B&Bs).

3. Watch out for limits on how much loss you can deduct.

4. Real estate professionals play by a different set of tax rules.

And of Course, Casualties and Thefts

Life happens, and sometimes it affects your rental property. If you experience a casualty (like a natural disaster) or theft, you might actually get to deduct some of your losses — or declare a gain if insurance pays out more than the property's value.

A Real-Life Example

Let's say Jane rents out her cute bungalow for a $1,125 monthly fare. She pays mortgage interest, insurance, repairs, taxes, and maintenance, and depreciates the value of the house as it ages. With a bit of math (income minus expenses), she finds out she's running at a small loss.

But here's the kicker: Because Jane actively participates in the rental's maintenance, and her loss isn’t sky-high, she's able to deduct it from her total income. No fancy Form 8582 needed here — she simply reports everything on Schedule E.

In Conclusion

Tax time for rental properties doesn't have to be a headache. By keeping track of your rental income and expenses and understanding which forms apply to your situation, you're already making a savvy start. Always remember, when in doubt, consulting with us can save you time, money, and stress down the road. Happy renting, and here's to your financial health!

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Meet Hedgi: The AI That’s Changing Small Business Bookkeeping

Running a small business is no easy feat, especially when it comes to managing the books. That's why we created Hedgi—an AI-driven ally that’s transforming the way small businesses handle tax deductions and bookkeeping.

Simplify Your Financial Journey with Hedgi

At Hedgi, our mission is twofold: to uplift accountants from data processing to strategic advisors and to instill business owners with the confidence to navigate their financial journey. Born from a family-run accounting firm, Hedgi combines years of financial expertise with cutting-edge technology to give our users the best of both worlds.

Why Choose Hedgi for Your Bookkeeping Needs?

1. Effortless Transaction Categorization: With Hedgi's natural language processing and machine learning, manual bookkeeping is a thing of the past. Transactions are categorized with over 90% time savings, freeing up your schedule for the strategic decision-making that really matters.

2. Intelligent Risk Assessments: Make informed decisions with Hedgi's analytics that forecast financial outcomes and provide evidence-based deduction strategies. Our platform helps you understand each transaction's risk profile with clear, easy-to-understand interpretations.

3. Customizable Experience: Hedgi evolves with your business, offering monthly model retraining that adapts to your unique risk preferences. You set the thresholds—Hedgi offers the personalized insights.

4. Industry Benchmarking: Know where you stand with business insights powered by Bizminer. Hedgi gives you a scoreboard view of your financial performance against industry standards, offering actionable strategies for improvement.

A Glimpse Into Hedgi’s Advanced Tech

Hedgi's machine learning model consists of an intricate system of decision trees that learn from your transactional data. This model is not just scaleable—it's understandable. We value transparency, ensuring you can trust the decisions made by our AI.

The Hedgi Difference

From seamless automation to empowering informed decision-making, Hedgi is designed to scale with your business, whether you're just starting out or hitting rapid growth. Our solution stands apart by providing comprehensive tools from the outset, regardless of the plan you choose.

Join the Financial Management Revolution

Are you ready to embrace a smarter approach to bookkeeping? Hedgi is more than a software—it's your strategic partner, empowering you to make proactive, data-driven financial decisions. With personalized support and accessible insights, Hedgi is the smart financial sidekick every business owner deserves.

Join us today and experience the benefits of AI-enhanced bookkeeping with Hedgi!

Embark on your financial adventure with confidence. With Hedgi, you're not just keeping up; you're staying ahead. Welcome aboard—the future of bookkeeping awaits! 🚀 https://hedgi.com/

Key Tax Changes for 2024 Tax Season (Starts Today!)

Happy first day of tax season! We all know taxes can be a bit of a tangle, but fear not! I've put together a snapshot of the latest tweaks and updates to the tax code that could impact your 2023 tax returns. Consider this your go-to guide to stay on top of your tax game!

Riding Solo: Updates for Qualifying Surviving Spouses

If you've recently lost a spouse, you may be able to use the Qualifying Surviving Spouse filing status for two years after their passing. Keep in mind, there are specific criteria to meet, so make sure you check all the boxes before you file.

The Times They Are A-Changin': Digital is the New Virtual

Cryptocurrency buffs, pay attention! The IRS is freshening up its vocabulary—what was once "virtual currency" on your tax forms is now "digital assets." This means anything that's a digital representation of value (think Bitcoin and its friends) on that complicated stuff called a cryptographically-secured ledger. Don't forget, you'll need to spill the beans about any transactions involving these digital assets when you file.

Getting Paid in Crypto? Here's the Drill on Digital Asset Taxation

Celebrate or commiserate, if you're getting digital assets as payment for services, you've got to report the value in good ol' US dollars at the time you get 'em. Keep those virtual wallets in check!

Golden Years Tweaks: Required Minimum Distributions

Planning for retirement? Listen up! If you're reaching the ripe age of 72 after 2022, you don't have to start taking out those required minimum distributions (RMDs) until you're 73. Enjoy that extra year of compound interest!

Missed Your RMD? The Tax Man Lightens Up!

If you forget to take that RMD, the IRS has decided to play a bit nicer, cutting the excise tax from a hefty 50% down to 25%. And, if you're super quick to fix the miss, you might only be on the hook for 10% if it's related to an IRA.

Live Greener and Save: Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit

Embracing energy efficiency could score you a nonrefundable tax credit up to $1,200 yearly for certain home upgrades. Just remember, there's a cap on how much you can claim for windows and such.

Drive Clean, Spend Less: Clean Energy Credits

Thinking about getting a heat pump or a biomass stove? You might snag a credit for 30% of the cost, up to $2,000. And for those of you eyeing a sparkly new clean vehicle, there's up to a $7,500 credit waiting, though there's fine print based on battery bits and your income.

Secondhand EVs Get Some Love Too

If you're going the pre-loved route with a used clean vehicle, you could get a credit of $4,000 or 30% of the sale price (for vehicles up to $25,000), depending on how much bread you're bringing in.

Remember, folks, these are just the highlights. There are a few more changes from our previous note, like updates to education savings bonds and health savings accounts—so be sure to check them out! And as always, if you're scratching your head or need a guiding hand, hit us up. We're here to help make sense of all the tax jargon and keep your wallet happy.

Until next time, stay savvy with those taxes!

Decoding the Differences in Entertainment Expenses for IRS vs. California

When it comes to deducting entertainment expenses for your business, understanding the contrasting rules set forth by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the California Franchise Tax Board (FTB) is crucial to ensure compliant and optimized tax filing. Let's dive into these differences, paying close attention to the specific tests that determine the deductibility of such expenses in California.

IRS: Curtains Closed on Deductions

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 brought about significant changes to the deductibility of entertainment expenses. Under current IRS rules, deductions for entertainment, amusement, or recreation expenses are generally disallowed. This means that, regardless of whether the entertainment is associated with or directly related to the conduct of your business, the IRS won't be grabbing the bill.

California's Approach: Two Tests to Pass

In contrast, California still allows deductions for entertainment expenses, but with caveats. The expenses must meet either the "Directly-Related Test" or the "Associated Test," plus they're subject to a 50% limitation. Beyond these conditions, it's imperative to keep detailed documentation to substantiate your claim.

Directly-Related Test

A directly-related entertainment expense is one where business is primarily on the agenda. For example:

• A business meal with a supplier at a local restaurant can pass the test.

• Hosting business and civic leaders to promote your business or products creates an environment where entertainment can be considered directly related. Conversely, meetings in settings crowded with distractions (think nightclubs or sporting events) where business discussions are sidetracked do not qualify.

Associated Test

If your entertainment expenses don't neatly fit the directly-related criteria, fear not. They may fulfill the conditions of the "Associated Test" if:

• The entertainment is for a clear business purpose, like cementing an existing business relationship or courting new clients.

• It's conducted in proximity to a substantial business discussion, either before or after.

• There's a tangible business conversation or meeting, aiming to procure some business advantage or income. For instance, hosting entertainment on the same day as a business meeting generally counts as directly preceding or following the discussion.

What This Means for Your Business

The delineation between what's permitted by the IRS and what's allowed by the California FTB is stark. While the IRS has tightened the purse strings when it comes to entertainment deductions, California offers a lifeline, albeit with its own set of stringent tests.

As a business owner in California, it's essential to use these tests as a lens through which you view potential deductions for entertainment expenses. The burden to prove that your expenses are qualifiable rests squarely on your shoulders.

Keep Your Records in Check

Documentation is your best friend here. Ensure you hold onto every receipt and maintain detailed records of discussions and attendees, as these will be your proof should you face scrutiny. Remember that even when meeting the criteria, only 50% of these unreimbursed expenses are deductible.

Seek Professional Guidance

Given the complexities of tax laws and the varying treatments between the IRS and different states like California, it's beneficial to consult with tax professionals. We can help you navigate these waters, ensuring you don't miss out on any legitimate deductions while staying within the bounds of tax law.

Understanding these rules can give you an edge in financial planning, converting what might just seem like a fun outing into a strategic business expense. Always stay informed, compliant, and proactive when it comes to your taxes. Your business (and wallet) will thank you for it.

Understanding the Section 199A Safe Harbor for Rental Real Estate

As tax season unfolds, it's crucial for rental property owners to be aware of tax deductions that can significantly lower their tax bill. One essential tax provision – Section 199A – offers a deduction of up to 20% on qualified business income, including income from rental real estate. However, not all rental activities qualify as a "trade or business" under this section, leading to some confusion among taxpayers.

To clarify this, the IRS provides a safe harbor rule that, if met, assures the rental real estate enterprise is treated as a trade or business for the purposes of claiming the Section 199A deduction. Let's break down what this means for you and how you can ensure your rental activities qualify.

What is the Safe Harbor Rule?

The safe harbor is a set of criteria that, when met, automatically treats a rental real estate enterprise as a trade or business. Meeting these requirements is optional, but doing so provides certainty regarding your qualification for the Section 199A deduction.

Requirements for Qualification

To qualify under the safe harbor:

1. Maintain Separate Books and Records: Keep diligent financial records for each property or consolidated records if you own multiple properties.

2. Meet the 250 Hours of Rental Services Requirement: You must perform at least 250 hours of rental services per year. These services can include marketing, lease management, maintenance, and more. For enterprises older than four years, this requirement must be met in any three of the past five years.

3. Keep Contemporaneous Records: Document the amount of time spent on services, the description of the services, dates, and the identity of those who performed the services (whether yourself, employees, or contractors).

4. Include a Statement with Your Tax Return: Attach a detailed statement to your tax return each year you claim the deduction, outlining your rental activities and confirming that you meet the safe harbor requirements.

What Counts as Rental Services?

Qualifying rental services include a variety of operational tasks such as advertising, rent collection, property maintenance, and managing the real estate. However, financial management tasks like arranging financing or reviewing financial statements do not count.

Exclusions from the Safe Harbor

Some rentals do not qualify, such as those used as a personal residence or those under triple net leases where tenants assume responsibility for taxes, insurance, and maintenance.

How to Use This Information

If you're a rental property owner, evaluating your activities against the safe harbor requirements could mean a significant tax deduction. Start by reviewing your practices, bookkeeping, and record maintenance to ensure they align with the IRS guidelines.

By planning accordingly and possibly restructuring your operations, you might position yourself to take advantage of this valuable deduction, thereby lowering your taxable income.

The Bottom Line

Qualifying for the Section 199A deduction can lead to tangible tax savings. Although the safe harbor is not mandatory, it provides a clear pathway to ensure your rental enterprise is recognized as a trade or business. As you navigate this tax season, consider if your rental activities meet the standard set by the IRS and take appropriate steps to leverage this opportunity.

Please note that this information is current as of the publication date. Always consult with Schwartz & Schwartz for advice tailored to your specific situation.